Makers of Russian Watches
The following list is made up to show, first the name signed on the dial in the nearest English equivalent letters to Cyrillic CAPITALS, then the nearest English letters to Cyrillic script, and where an English equivalent or translation,


Agat (Arat) (Azam) (# stopwatches only AFAIK)
Albatross (Audampoc) (~ used by Vostok)
Almaz (Anmaz) (Aamaz)
Amphibian (~ used by Vostok)
Antarktida (Ahtapknaa) (Anctarctica)
Aurora (Abpopa)
Buran (Bypah) (~ used by various makers)
BPEMR (Bpemr) (Time) (# Export item from Slava)
Cardi (Cardi-Vostok) (Raketa Cardi) (Poljot Cardi) * see note below
Cardinal
Chaika (Yanka)
Cmapm (Start) {# may be also East German or Eastern bloc}
Cornavin {# some may have Swiss Movements}
Cosmos (Kocmoc)
Crystal (Kpntcann) (Kpucmailil)
Druschba (Apyxga)
Electronika (Enektpohnka) {# Digital Electronic Watches}
Era (Epa) (3pa)
Generalskie (Generalskijie){~ used by Vostok}
Garo
Iskra (Nckpa) (Spark)
Jantar (Rhtapg) (Amber)
Junost (Iohoctg) (Youngster) {# small watches – boys sizes?)
K-43
Kama
Kirovski (Kirowskie) (Kupobckue)
Kolos (Konoc)
Kometa (Comet)
Leningrad (Aennipaa)
Luch (Ray) (Ayz) (Beam)
Lux (Aiokc)
Mayak (Majak) (Mark)
Mechta (Meyta)
Miesto
Mir (Mnp)
Moljna (Monhnr) (Lightning){# Pocket watches – some Wristwatches}
Moskowskijie (Mockobckne) (Moscovite)
Moskva (Moskwa) (Moscow)
Neva (Niva) (Heba)
NII (Hnn)
Okeah (Okean) (Ocean) (Okapah)
Olympic
Orbita (Opgnta)
Orion
Peterhof (Neteprob) (Netetop)
Petrodvorez (Netpoabopeu)
Pobeda (Nobeaa) (Tiodeda) (Victory)
Poljot (Nonet) (Flight)
Raduga (Paayra) (Rainbow)
Raketa (Paketa) (Rocket)
Rekord (Pekopa)
Rodina (Poanha)
Rubin (Pybnh)
Russia (Poccnr)
Salyut (Caniot) (Catrom)
Sarja {see Zaria)
Saturn (Catyph)
Sekonda {# Newer models may use movements sourced from Japan or China}
Severni Polus (North Pole)
Signal (Cnrhan) (Cuemar)
Slatoustowski ( Bnatoyctobcknn) {# known for the huge Divers watch, 280 grams weight)
Slava (Cnaba) (Craba) (Glory)
Sportnivnie (Cnoptnbhbie) (Sports)
Sputnik (Cnythnk) (Satellite)
Stolichnyje (Ctonnuhbie)
Strela (Ctpena) (Ctpeaa) (Arrow) {# used as a name by Poljot}
Sturmanski (Shturmanskie) (Wtypmahckne){# used as a name by Vostok}
Sura (Cypa)
Svet (Sviet) (Cbet) (Clef)
Ural (Ypan) (Ypad)
Uran (Ypah) (Uranus)
Viesna (Vesna) (Becha)
Volga (Bonha) (Wave)
Vympel (Wimpiel) (B6imnea)
Vostok (Wostock) (Boctok)
Zarja (Zaria) (3apr) (Dawn)
Zim (3NM)
Zodiac
Zvezda (Zvesda) (3be3aa) (Star)


Additionally
Minerva ? (possibly?)
Orient ? (V slight possibility some models may use movements sourced from Russia)


Names on Dials (not necessarily maker's names)
used on Poljot Sturmanski and others


BBC BMo
Buran (Bypah)
Capitan (used on Vostok and Cardi-Vostok)
Strahlen-Gesichert
Sturmanskie


* Cardi is a "blanket" name used with various movements from different makers, and mainly intended for the export market.A good example of "badge engineering" to meet a particular marketplace.